Ch.17 Module/Questions
1. What was distinctive about Britain that may help explain its status as the breakthrough point of the Industrial Revolution?
Britain had a growing population that provided a supply of industry workers. British also had a ready supply of coal and iron ore which was located close to each other and reached major industry centers. British aristocrats had always been interested in commerce unlike their counterparts in other parts of the world like Europe. On page 745 it stated this information about “British aristocracy had long been interested in the world of business and some took part in new mining and manufacturing enterprises.” With this British commerce exploded all over the world and became more wealthier. Their status was more of the wealthier kind in the Industrial Revolution. Europe’s Scientific Revolution also had a great part for the status for the revolution because it had fostered technological innovation and so many new things were introduced in this time period. Besides the new inventions Britain also had a bigger status because they were in close contact with the scientist so they always had the new ideas or inventions on their hands. And also several accidents of geography and history contributed to the British Industrial Revolution. The country had also been prepared and ready for everything that would come for them. They were ready to become the world’s first industrial society.
2. How did Britain's middle classes change during the 19th century?
Middle class society was made up of political liberals who wanted constitutional government, private property, free trade and social reform with some limits. This was also stated on page 748 in the textbook. Middle class had ideas of thrift and hard work, rigid mortality and cleanliness. The women of the middle class were characterized as homemakers, wives and mothers charged with the health of their men which they were always supposed to take care of. They were also the moral center of family life and the educators of respectability. Strayer also said the middle class had its upper levels which contained the wealthy factory and mind owners, bankers, and merchants. These were rising businessmen and they were having a good life with these jobs and so much more they could have like doctors or lawyers. Male elites in many civilizations had long established their status by detaching women from productive labor. The new wealth of the Industrial Revolution allowed more families to reach that kind of status. By the end of the nineteenth century the growing segment of the middle class represented about 20 percent of Britain's population and provided more employment opportunities for women and men. Middle class was a stable state for most people in this time.
3. In what ways was Latin America linked to the global economy of the 19th century, and what was the impact of these links?
Latin America exported food products and raw materials to industrializing nations, which increased exports by a factor of ten in the sixty years or so after 1850. But, in return for these exports, Latin America imported the textiles, machinery, tools, weapons, and luxury goods of Europe and the United States.Upper-class landowners also benefited from the trade as exports flourished and the value of their land soared. But the vast majority of the population lived in rural areas, where they suffered the most and benefited the least from exports to the global economy. Many lower-class farmers were pushed off their land, ending up either in remote and poor areas or working as dependent laborers for poor wages on the plantations of the wealthy. Page 768 in Strayer was saying Mexico continued to produce large amounts of silver which was providing more than half of the world’s new supply until 1860. But, that was not the only thing flowing because there was also copper in Chile that was growing the electrical industry. There were so many new things in demand during this revolution including rubber from the Amazon. The commerce was a large-scale investment of European capital in Latin America which was about ten billion dollars.
Britain had a growing population that provided a supply of industry workers. British also had a ready supply of coal and iron ore which was located close to each other and reached major industry centers. British aristocrats had always been interested in commerce unlike their counterparts in other parts of the world like Europe. On page 745 it stated this information about “British aristocracy had long been interested in the world of business and some took part in new mining and manufacturing enterprises.” With this British commerce exploded all over the world and became more wealthier. Their status was more of the wealthier kind in the Industrial Revolution. Europe’s Scientific Revolution also had a great part for the status for the revolution because it had fostered technological innovation and so many new things were introduced in this time period. Besides the new inventions Britain also had a bigger status because they were in close contact with the scientist so they always had the new ideas or inventions on their hands. And also several accidents of geography and history contributed to the British Industrial Revolution. The country had also been prepared and ready for everything that would come for them. They were ready to become the world’s first industrial society.
2. How did Britain's middle classes change during the 19th century?
Middle class society was made up of political liberals who wanted constitutional government, private property, free trade and social reform with some limits. This was also stated on page 748 in the textbook. Middle class had ideas of thrift and hard work, rigid mortality and cleanliness. The women of the middle class were characterized as homemakers, wives and mothers charged with the health of their men which they were always supposed to take care of. They were also the moral center of family life and the educators of respectability. Strayer also said the middle class had its upper levels which contained the wealthy factory and mind owners, bankers, and merchants. These were rising businessmen and they were having a good life with these jobs and so much more they could have like doctors or lawyers. Male elites in many civilizations had long established their status by detaching women from productive labor. The new wealth of the Industrial Revolution allowed more families to reach that kind of status. By the end of the nineteenth century the growing segment of the middle class represented about 20 percent of Britain's population and provided more employment opportunities for women and men. Middle class was a stable state for most people in this time.
3. In what ways was Latin America linked to the global economy of the 19th century, and what was the impact of these links?
Latin America exported food products and raw materials to industrializing nations, which increased exports by a factor of ten in the sixty years or so after 1850. But, in return for these exports, Latin America imported the textiles, machinery, tools, weapons, and luxury goods of Europe and the United States.Upper-class landowners also benefited from the trade as exports flourished and the value of their land soared. But the vast majority of the population lived in rural areas, where they suffered the most and benefited the least from exports to the global economy. Many lower-class farmers were pushed off their land, ending up either in remote and poor areas or working as dependent laborers for poor wages on the plantations of the wealthy. Page 768 in Strayer was saying Mexico continued to produce large amounts of silver which was providing more than half of the world’s new supply until 1860. But, that was not the only thing flowing because there was also copper in Chile that was growing the electrical industry. There were so many new things in demand during this revolution including rubber from the Amazon. The commerce was a large-scale investment of European capital in Latin America which was about ten billion dollars.
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